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The Geneva Conventions of 1949, which will be 60 years old later this week, consist of four treaties and three additional protocols that govern the humanitarian treatment of PoWs and civilians during military conflicts. Still, countries such as the U.S., Britain and Israel have tried to bypass the Geneva Conventions on the grounds that they do not apply to "terror suspects" or "terrorists." "The argument that Geneva Conventions should not apply to terror suspects is an argument I never expected to hear in any country that claims to be a democracy under the rule of law," Michael Ratner, president of the New York- based Centre for Constitutional Rights, told IPS. The minimum humane treatment provisions of Common Article 3 apply to everyone in all times and places. "The U.S. and other countries' efforts to get out from under their humane legal obligations is and was obscene," said Ratner, who also teaches international human rights law at the Columbia University Law School.